by Jeffrey C Kadlowec, Registered Architect Recent growth in construction industry requires new means and methods to remain profitable. Lean construction (LC) has emerged from the manufacturing sector as one solution for increasing productivity, quality and value. The integrated system is focused on enhancing efficiency by optimizing operations while reducing wastes and controlling costs (Varshini 2024). Traditional construction processes generate excessive amounts of waste due to inadequate planning and lack of training & experience. Restructuring of organizations and implementation of new procedures with a reliance on human aspects throughout the project-related hierarchy. Lean thinking (LT) is a ‘focus on processes.